Organic compounds in the same homologous series have similar chemical properties due. As per the new pattern of examination, neet is increasing the mcqs in various question papers for alkanes alkenes alkynes and aromatic compounds for chemistry. The structures showing c and h atoms connected by lines are kekule structures. Compare and contrast the properties of alkanes and alkenes. Jan 21, 2020 alkanes are not very reactive when compared with other chemical species. After reading this blog post, your concepts about the physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons will be cleared up 100%. Chemical properties of alkanes class 11 notes edurev. Use a molecular model kit to build a structure with two carbon. This is chemical properties of alkanes, section 12.
Initially, we will be concerned with the physical properties of alkanes. Introduction to organic chemistry, chemistry of alkanes. Haloalkanes and haloarenes class 12 ncert solutions. Alkanes and cycloalkanes section 2 of organic chemistry notes is 18 pages in length page 21 through page 218 and covers all youll need to know about the following lecturebook topics. Mar 23, 2021 chemical properties of alkanes class 11 notes edurev is made by best teachers of neet. The names of alkyl groups come from the names of their corresponding alkanes by dropping the ending ane and adding yl. Mar 02, 2020 get an answer for compare and contrast the properties of alkanes and alkenes, including hybridisation of atomic orbitals of carbon, bonding in alkenes and alkanes, combustion reactions, homolytic. After a few rotations, the two unpaired electrons can pair up and reform the double bond. Using lab techniques developed below you should be able to actually determine experimentally whether an unknown alkane is saturated or unsaturated.
This video is created by videos and free notes are available at. Ppt classes of hydrocarbons powerpoint presentation. Download latest questions with answers for chemistry alkanes alkenes alkynes and aromatic compounds in pdf free or read online in online reader free. Environmental contaminants encyclopedia july 1, 1997. This document is highly rated by neet students and has been viewed 232 times. At the end of this experiment you should be able to. Properties alkenes organic reaction priyamstudycentre. The molecular formula of c 8 h 18 may even be applied to many alkanes, each of which has unique physical, chemical, and toxicological properties. Aliphatic hydrocarbons include straight chain and cyclic alkanes, alkenes and alkynes 3. An alkane is a hydrocarbon that has only single bonds. Compounds with the same molecular formula, and yet distinct structural formulas are known as structural isomers of that compound. Pdf polar and nonpolar molecules covalent bonds and. Free pdf download of ncert solutions for class 11 chemistry chapter hydrocarbons solved by expert teachers as per ncert cbse textbook guidelines. Extent of attraction of hydrogen atoms of ch bonds towards c.
The individual hydrocarbon fragments or groups attached to the parent alkane are alkyl groups. Hydrocarbons are composed of carbon and hydrogen only, e. Pdf organic chemistry made easy for senior secondary schools. Physical properties of alkanes 1 the common physical properties that we will focus on are. This results in the reformation of the pi bond and the end of free rotation. Preparations of alkanes,alkenes,alkynes alkene chlorine. Igcse physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons. Summaries of the hazards to humans and animals of many of the alkane constituents in fuel oils were summarized by the air force installation restoration program in 1990. Download fulltext pdf read fulltext download citation. Properties of alkanes alkanes are the simplest organic molecules, consisting of only carbon and hydrogen and with only single bonds between carbon atoms. Identify alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Designed by save my exams teachers for the 201921 cie as chemistry exam.
The simplest of the functional groups are the hydrocarbons, which include the alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Alkanes are only weakly reactive with most chemical compounds. Get an answer for explain why alkanes and their corresponding alkenes have similar physical properties, but very different chemical properties. This book is licensed under a creative commons byncsa 3. Download as pptx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Alkanes and cycloalkanes section 2 of organic chemistry notes is 18 pages in length page 21 through page 218 and covers all youll need to know about the following lecturebook topics section 2 the nature of organic compounds. Anyone who can help, please, doublecheck spelling, grammar, style, etc. Generally, there is a smooth change in physical properties melting and boiling point among the homologous. Four carbon atoms of c4h10 can be joined either in a continuous. Haloalkanes and haloarenes are chemical compounds derived from alkanes and arenes containing one or more halogens. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
Physical properties of alkanes university of nairobi. All chapter hydrocarbons exercises questions with solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and boost your score more in. We built nbutane, a simple 4carbon alkane, and learned the shorthand method for drawing alkanes. Chemical properties of alkanes chemistry libretexts. Learn the important physical properties of the unsaturated hydrocarbons. Students can download the ncert solutions for class 12 chemistry chapter 10 pdf for free from vedantu. The alcohols and carboxylic acids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. For more information on the source of this book, or why it is available for free, please see the projects home page. Designed by save my exams teachers for the 201921 cie a level chemistry exam. Alkanes when we combine the two high bond enthalpy and being nonpolar this makes alkanes quite unreactive alkanes dont react with acidsbases or oxidizing agents this is a useful trait and alkanes are used as lubricating agents and the backbone of polymers but when the do react look out. Menu charactheristic chemical properties of alkanes.
Chapter 2 unsaturated hydrocarbons angelo state university. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Some salient physical and chemical properties of alkanes are. Pdf computing the harmonic index for alkanes, alkenes and. The acid dissociation constant pk a values of all alkanes are estimated to range from 50 to 70, depending on the extrapolation method, hence they are extremely weak acids that are practically inert to bases see. Chemsketch molecular modelling activity you have learnt 7 important concepts.
This will include reactions such as combustion, substitution, addition, hydration etc. Many functional groups contain oxygen atoms, such as alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. This is indicated by the two half arrows that start at the unpaired electron on each separate c atoms and point back into the bond between them. Pdf yaws chemical properties handbook pdf monique borges.
Lewis structure, resonance and hybridization, polar covalent bonds. Alkano molecules are not polar and therefore generally do not react with ionic compounds, such as most laboratory acids, bases. Download in free pdf hydrocarbons are composed of carbon and hydrogen. Since there is very little difference between the electronegativities of carbon and hydrogen, alkanes are almost nonpolar. Introduction to organic chemistry, chemistry of alkanes and cycloalkanes.
Chemical properties of alkanes what are examples of alkanes. Dec 29, 2017 physical and chemical properties of alkanes slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. We then considered the sp 3hybridization of the carbon atoms, connecting this both to the structure and inertness. Hybridisation of carbon to which h atom is attached. Atomic structure, chemical bonding, chemical structure. Properties of alkanes alkanes are organic compounds that consist entirely of singlebonded carbon and hydrogen atoms and lack any other functional groups. So it is carried out by heating alkane in the presence of some oxidizing agent like iodic acid hio 3 or nitric acid hno 3 or mercuric oxide hgo which oxidizes hi formed during the reaction. Physical properties of alkanes organic chemistry tutorial. In this context, saturated means that each carbon has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to it. This document is highly rated by neet students and has been viewed 2824 times. Hydrocarbons introductory chemistry 1st canadian edition. Within alkane structure there is free rotation about the carbontocarbon single bonds.
An alkane in the shape of a ring is called a cycloalkane. The simplest homologue, methane ch 4, in the series of. We often refer to alkanes as aliphatic hydrocarbons, because the physi cal properties of the higher members of this class resemble those of the long carbonchain. Physical state and odour of alkanes the first four members of straight chain alkanes methane, ethane, propane and butane are gases. Main idea alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about physical properties of alkanes ppt.
In the chemical properties part, i am going to cover the chemical reactions for alkane, alkenes and alcohols. First three alkanes methane, ethane and propane have only one structure but higher alkanes can have more than one structure. This is because the backbone carbon atoms in alkanes have attained their octet of electrons through forming four covalent bonds the maximum allowed number of bonds under the octet rule. Unsaturated hydrocarbons hydrocarbons with double or triple bondson the other hand, are quite reactive. Polar and nonpolar molecules covalent bonds and hydrocarbons alkanes alkenes and alkynes. Thus, given the number of carbon atoms in an alkane, it is easy to determine the number of hydrogens in the molecule. Mcqs neet chemistry alkanes alkenes alkynes and aromatic. A homologous series has molecules of the same general formula differing only by the number of repeating units, they have the same functional group and exhibit similar chemical properties within the series.
Petroleum and natural gas are the major sources of aliphatic hydrocarbon while coal is an important source of aromatic hydrocarbons. Alkanes are hydrocarbons in which all of the bonds are single bonds. Explain why alkanes and their corresponding alkenes have. Sep, 2020 chemical properties of alkanes last updated. Each petroleum variety has a unique mix of molecules, which define its physical and chemical properties, like color and viscosity. Chemical properties of alkane carbon compound youtube. Many of the alkanes are cns depressants and general. Alkanes are not very reactive when compared with other chemical species. Introduction to organic chemistry, chemistry of alkanes and. You can download free chemical properties of alkanes class 11 notes edurev pdf from edurev by the reactions shown by them are given below. The simplest organic compounds are those composed of only. In chapter 7, we noted that alkanes saturated hydrocarbons have relatively few important chemical properties other than that they undergo combustion and react with halogens. Chemical reactivity of alkanes 201921 cie as chemistry notes.
Methane ch4 properties of alkanes the simplest family of hydrocarbonscompounds containing carbon and hydrogen only with only. The physical and chemical properties of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes objectives. Alkanes with branches the parent chain is chosen based on the longest continuous carbon chain bearing the functional group and named according to the number of carbon atoms in. The important fuels like petrol, kerosene, coal gas, cng, lpg etc.
Alkanes when we combine the two high bond enthalpy and being nonpolar this makes alkanes quite unreactive alkanes dont react with acidsbases or oxidizing agents this is a useful trait and alkanes are used as lubricating agents and the backbone of polymers but when the do react. View and download powerpoint presentations on physical properties of alkanes ppt. All organic compounds can be considered as hydrocarbons or. Ch3 ch2 ch2 ch3 nbutane ch3 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch3 npentane 2. All the carbon atoms present in an alkane are \sp3\ hybridized that is, every carbon atom forms four sigma bonds with carbon or hydrogen atoms. Chemical reactivity of alkanes 201921 cie as chemistry.
Hydrocarbons chemical properties of alkanes part 3. Alkane names, formulas, properties memorize sections 3. Melting point boiling point solubility however, any inferences drawn on these may also extend to other properties such as density. Remember from chapter 1 that these lines represent chemical bonds that are pairs of. The straight chain alkanes with no branches are given a prefix n which means normal.
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