Translation and equivalence translation is broadly defined as the. Pragmatic equivalence, or communicative equivalence, is oriented towards the receiver of the text or message. Munday 2001 describes these five different types of equivalence as follows. As far as those who struggle with biblical translation are concerned, dynami c equivalence has won the dayand rightly so. This chapter will try to identify some of the reasons behind the controversy and the misunderstandings still prevailing in the debate about the concept. Like nidas dynamic equivalence, communicative translation also tries to create the effect on the target text reader which is the same as that received by readers of the source language text. Equivalence is a fundamental, but also controversial issue in translation studies ts. Equivalence is defined as a relation that holds between a source langue sl text and a target language tl text. There is no onetoone correspondence between orthographic words and elements of meaning within or across languages. Problems of equivalencethe principle that a translation should have an equivalence relation with the source language text is problematic. Connotative equivalence is related to the lexical choices, especially between nearsynonyms. Equivalence is an important notion in translation theory. Therefore, theorists in the field of translation studies are interested in studying and examining this notion in order to discover its effect on the way a translator deals with a.
Pdf equivalence in translation theories a critical. Ideally, a quality translation should read as if it was originally written in the target language tl, while finding a middle ground between linguistic form and cultural acceptability. It equivalence was used then in its strict scientific sense, to refer to an absolute symmetrical relationship between words of different languages 3, p. Sandra halverston says that none of the things which claim nowadays to be theories can explain equivalence in translation. For example, while close to 70 % of the instances of head were rendered with the expected prototypical equivalent fej in. For directional equivalence, on the other hand, the translator has active choices to make and there is no guarantee of an exact return. In his translation model, he distinguishes two types of equivalence. Occasionally, transference has been extensively used in translation literature, and it is. Translation techniques and equivalence in the indonesian. In other words, it is the establishing of the semantic or meaning equivalence. Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its definition, relevance, and applicability within the field of translation theory have caused heated controversy, and many different theories of the concept of equivalence have been elaborated within this field in the past fifty years. In fact, the increase in studying equivalence in translation coincides with the birth of a strong wave of research in machine translation. Graduation thesis strategies to deal with nonequivalence. However, the concept of translation equivalence is sometimes distorted, and, perhaps, this is why some people deny its validity and.
The concept of equivalence can be said to hold a central position in translation studies. Equivalence translation requires equivalence of the original text and the translation in language function instead of language form. The application of dynamic equivalence in translation of. Simpson, a photo was shown of backyard at night, with the killers footsteps visible in the moonlit dew. Equivalence in bible translation, notes on translation 121 oct 1987 1, hails the triumph of dynamic equivalence in these words.
The notion of equivalence is important because it is used in defining translation itself this also makes it problematic because it is circular translation is defined in terms of equivalence and equivalence is at the same time used for assessing and describing actual translation acts. Translation can be defined as an act of interpretation of the meaning of a content and consequent reproduction of equivalent content eugene nida. According to nida, translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of. Translation is the transfer of meaning from one language to another.
As a comprehensive survey of basically linguistic theories of translational equivalence it has also long been used as a convenient enemy by the newer german approaches that choose to privilege. The concept of equivalence in the age of translation technology. As catford points out, the central problem of translation practice is that of finding tl equivalents. The activity of terminology management and the concept of equivalence offer different insights into the nature of meaning and how words in different languages. Nida was working on his toward a science of translating 1964, he argued that the. Equivalence in translation theories academy publication. Abstractthe concept of equivalence can be said to hold a central position in translation studies.
Beside the analysis of translation techniques, we also conducted the analysis on the equivalence of humor translation. Formal equivalence attempts to translate the text wordfor word literally eg. School of foreign languages, chongqing jiaotong university. Natural and directional equivalence in theories of translation. In news translation,many factors should be taken into account, and the theory of functional equivalence must be taken as the basis to make sentences and styles concise and vivid after translation. Oct 11, 2020 the concept of equivalence can be said to hold a central position in translation studies. Aruna, assistant professor, department of english, gssjc, chennai. For theories of natural equivalence, translation can go from language a to language b, then back to exactly the same text in language a. It is a constitutive feature and the guiding principle of translation. In contrast, dynamic equivalence is the closest natural equivalent to the source language message nida, 1964, p. Theories of translation 2017 week 7 1 p a g e handout 4.
Equivalence in translation the nature of equivalence the definition, relevance and applicability of equivalence has caused heated controversy. This study deals with equivalence in the translation from arabic to english of metaphors and idioms in the political speeches of king hussein of jordan. When the american linguist and translation theorist. Nevertheless, there is general consensus amongst most translation researchers and theorists quoted below, which says the term equivalence.
Ruqayya herzallah abstract this study sheds light on the multifaceted problem of translating. It argues that intertextuality and ideology are of paramount significance when translating culturebound metaphorical expressions in arabic political speeches and that dealing. Nidas model of translation is closely related to dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence. Equivalence is one of the procedures used in translation. Our conception of equivalence is supported by a modern textlinguistic theory that considers that the text is the unit of analysis of the communicative event and, as translation. It looks into the etymology of the term, gives an overview of the concept in ts and sheds light on the relationship between equivalence and translation. We emphasis meaning equivalence since in translation meaning is the object to be rendered from the source language text. Equivalence and equivalent effect in translation theory essay. Nida 1964 proposed two translation methods which are formal and dynamic equivalence. Definition of equivalence in translation it is the relationship between a st and a tt that allows the tt to be considered as a translation of the st. It is the most intelligent observation written on translation in the last 50 years. In relation to this variable, some concepts of equivalence were used to support the analysis. On describing similarity and measuring equivalence in. The term equivalent is considered as the linguistic correspondence of a meaningful unit in text a, namely the source text.
Research on the cultural equivalence in translation. The concept of equivalence in translation one hour. Translation equivalence, linguisticstextoriented theories tot, non. International journal of new developments in education. Nevertheless, it has been a rather controversial one, causing many heated debates among translators as to. In an effort to assist the reader in acquiring a more uptodate conceptualization of. Equivalence and translation strategies in multilingual. Koller 1979 proposed five types of meaningbased equivalence. The translation into arabic of specialized technological texts by amani bilal mahmoud ashqar supervisor dr. Denotative equivalence is related to equivalence of the extralinguistic content of a text. Nevertheless, it has been a rather controversial one, causing many. Translation equivalence international journal of humanities and. Dynamic equivalence is defined as a translation principle according to which a translator seeks to translate the meaning of the original in such a way that the tl.
Textnormative equivalence is related to text types, with texts behaving in different ways. Translation studiesscience has been a point of reference for germanspeaking students and teachers ever since it was first published in 1979. Three types of communicatively equivalent translation. Linguistically, translation is a branch of applied linguistics, for in the process of translation the translator consistently makes any attempt to compare and contrast different aspects of two languages to find the equivalents. It has been analyzed, evaluated, and discussed from different points of views and has been approached from different perspectives. Pdf equivalence in translation meriem m j jirari academia. Functional equivalence can be achieved by changing long sentences into short ones, adjusting the position of sentence components or adding. Koller 1997 proposes denotative, connotative, pragmatic, textual, formal and aesthetic equivalence. Secondly, total translation differs from restricted translation according to the levels of language involved in translation, and, thirdly, catford distinguishes between rankbound translation and unbounded translation, depending on the grammatical or phonological rank at which equivalence is established. The term translation concept, definitions and usage. A central task of translation theory is that of defining the nature and conditions of translation equivalence. Equivalence was a key word in the linguisticsbased translation theories of the 1960s and 1970s, although its basic mode of thought may be traced back to cicero and later to the renaissance. Introduction this article has taken shape as a result of translation activity when, as.
Pdf the concept of equivalence can be said to hold a central position in translation studies. In reality,however, the word dynamic is easy to be misunderstood, nida put forward the view of functional equivalence in from. Equivalence was a key word in the linguisticsbased translation theories of. Adequacy and equivalence in translation katharina reiss. Equivalence is a relationship between two texts in two languages, rather than between the languages themselves catford 1965, 1994. Translation equivalence is a principal concept in western translation theory. Nevertheless, it has been a rather controversial one, causing. Equivalence is defined as a relation that holds between a source language sl. Linguistic equivalence in translation one hour translation. Lexical and translation equivalence in parallel corpora.
1116 570 949 1625 1048 1599 160 979 1248 2 421 104 684 1610 919 975 873 1012 545 921 1680 793 1384 852 1092 691 663 1298 478 309 131 497 1439 317 1110